Archipelag Senkaku. Źródło napięć na Morzu Wschodniochińskim

The article analyzes the question of Senkaku/Diauoyu Islands dispute between Japan, China and Taiwan. The aim of the text is to present how the dispute has affected Japan-China bilateral relations. At first, the paper focuses on characterization: the subject of dispute, claims of countries, its course and an international aspect. The second part considers: the incident in September 2010 and its consequences, the dispute effects and prosperities of its regulations. The relations between China and Japan are very complicated. The Senkaku Islands dispute and 2010 incident are presently one of the most important reasons for disagreement

WOJNA W IRAKU W ŚWIETLE DOKTRYNY BUSHA

The article presents changes in American foreign policy after 11th 2001 and is concerned the George W. Bush’s Middle East policy. The goal of the text is presenting how the Bush doctrine leaded to war in Iraq. After the short introduction about US Middle East policy the text explains fundamental parts of doctrine and describes the most important G. W. Bush speeches and National Security Strategies from 2002 and 2006. This part is dedicated on war on terror, axis of evil and preventive war. The next part try to identify actual and the official and publically stated causes the 2003 invasion of Iraq.  The article ends with the analysis the cost of Iraq war

Pattern of Post-Juvenile Moult in Common Snipe (Gallinago Gallinago) and Its Implications for Ageing of the Species

External ageing of Common Snipe (Gallinago gallinago) still engenders considerable problems. To improve precision of age determination on the basis of plumage characteristics a scheme of post-juvenile moult was investigated in approximately 1200 first-year Common Snipes caught during autumn migration in central Poland. Post-juvenile moult was commenced from body feathers followed by moult of rectrices, lesser/median wing coverts and tertials. Moult sequence showed high inter-individual variability and was started in rectrices (36.9%), wing coverts (25.3%), tertials (8.4%) or simultaneously in several of these tracts of feathers (29.4%). Moult of rectrices was finished before completion of moult of wing coverts and tertials. Moult of tertials finished as the last from all age-indicative tracts of feathers. Consequently, tertials were suggested as the most useful for ageing of first-year Common Snipes in an advanced stage of moult. There was no case of moult of the outermost tertial in first-year birds. The second tertial from distal side of wing was moulted as the last one within this tract of feathers and thereby should be of special interest during plumage examination

Hydraulic conductivity changes in river valley sediments caused by river bank filtration – an analysis of specific well capacity

Parameters from archive data of the Kalisz-Lis waterworks, located in the Prosna River valley south of Kalisz, have been analysed. Well barrier discharges groundwater from Quaternary sediments which is mixed with riverbank filtration water. The analysis focused on specific well capacity, a parameter that represents the technical and natural aspects of well life. To exclude any aging factor, an examination of specific well capacity acquired only in the first pumping tests of a new well was performed. The results show that wells drilled between 1961 and 2004 have similar values of specific well capacity and prove that > 40 years discharge has had little influence on hydrodynamic conditions of the aquifer, i.e., clogging has either not occurred or is of low intensity. This implies that, in the total water balance of the Kalisz- Lis well barrier, riverbank filtration water made little contribution. In comparison, a similar analysis of archive data on the Mosina-Krajkowo wells of two generations of well barriers located in the Warta flood plains was performed; this has revealed a different trend. There was a significant drop in specific well capacity from the first pumping test of substitute wells. Thus, long-term groundwater discharge in the Warta valley has had a great impact on the reduction of the hydraulic conductivity of sediments and has worsened hydrodynamic conditions due to clogging of river bed and aquifer, which implies a large contribution of riverbank filtration water in the total water well balance. For both well fields conclusions were corroborated by mathematical modeling; in Kalisz-Lis 16.2% of water comes from riverbank filtration, whereas the percentage for Mosina-Krajkowo is 78.9%

Influence of integration with the European Union on economic transformations of farming in Poland on the example of Żnin Commune

The aim of this research is to present the transformations which have been taking place in the Polish agriculture on the example of the Żnin Commune, as well as define the influence of the European Union and its support programs on the range and pace of these changes. The survey was carried out in 2010, involving 172 owners of agricultural farms. A method of a survey was used. The results have been analyzed statistically. The surveys revealed that in the examined parish there were favorable conditions for the development of agriculture. This is largely connected with the increasing popularity of funds supporting transformations, the development of rural areas and active involvement of farmers in gaining this kind of support. In the future the transformation processes of farms will depend mainly on the course of changes in the European Union Common Agricultural Policy which is the main factor affecting the shape of this sector of economy. The course of change of rural areas and the future of farmers and their farms will depend on the form and quantity of support directed to rural areas. An important factor which affects shaping the transformation process will also be the awareness level of farm owners and their access to information

Variability of clutch size in Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) at the Jeziorsko Reservoir (Central Poland) in 2004

The analysis of the clutch size variability in Cormorant (P. carbo sinensis) was based on study results in colony at the “Jeziorsko Reservoir” (central Poland) in 2004. There were used 328 broods controlled 3-5 times in the season. Number of eggs in a single clutch ranged from 1 to 7, although Cormorants mostly laid 3 to 5 eggs. Mean clutch size was 3.80 (SD = 1.0 0). The size of clutch depended on time of laying eggs and the part of colony where the nest with brood was localised. The clutch size was bigger for pairs that started laying eggs earlier and lower for birds bred in the part of colony where the number of nests and their density were low.Zadanie pt. „Digitalizacja i udostępnienie w Cyfrowym Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego kolekcji czasopism naukowych wydawanych przez Uniwersytet Łódzki” nr 885/P-DUN/2014 dofinansowane zostało ze środków MNiSW w ramach działalności upowszechniającej naukę

putEMG -- a surface electromyography hand gesture recognition dataset

In this paper, we present a putEMG dataset intended for evaluation of hand gesture recognition methods based on sEMG signal. The dataset was acquired for 44 able-bodied subjects and include 8 gestures (3 full hand gestures, 4 pinches, and idle). It consists of uninterrupted recordings of 24 sEMG channels from the subject's forearm, RGB video stream and depth camera images used for hand motion tracking. Moreover, exemplary processing scripts are also published. putEMG dataset is available under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) license at: https://www.biolab.put.poznan.pl/putemg-dataset/. The dataset was validated regarding sEMG amplitudes and gesture recognition performance. The classification was performed using state-of-the-art classifiers and feature sets. Accuracy of 90% was achieved for SVM classifier utilising RMS feature and for LDA classifier using Hudgin's and Du's feature sets. Analysis of performance for particular gestures showed that LDA/Du combination has significantly higher accuracy for full hand gestures, while SVM/RMS performs better for pinch gestures. Presented dataset can be used as a benchmark for various classification methods, evaluation of electrode localisation concepts, or development of classification methods invariant to user-specific features or electrode displacement

Geo-questionnaire in urban planning – preliminary results of the experimental application in Poland

Changes in the attitude of local authorities towards the public participation in the decision making processes have prompted development of new methods of such involvement. As far as the urban planning is concerned, of particular potential is the so-called Public Participation Geographic Information Systems (PPGIS). One of the tools used for the purpose is a geo-questionnaire, combining the benefits of a standard questionnaire and a map, which permits collecting information on particular sites and on the respondents’ ideas on localisation of new objects and functionalities.Within the project “Geoportal supporting public participation in urban planning”, in the years 2015–2016, a study was undertaken to explore the effectiveness and usefulness of the geo-questionnaire. Five pilot studies were performed in the Poznań and Łódź agglomerations. The geo-questionnaires concerned the local spatial management plan in Rokietnica (Poznań agglomeration), landscape protection in Łódź, conception of the transportation system development in Łódź, conception of urban design of the Łazarski Market in Poznań, and the Map of Local Needs in the city center of Poznań. The aim of the study was to present the preliminary results of the initial implementations of geo-questionnaire developed within the project Geoportal supporting public participation in urban planning. The applications of geo-questionnaire have been analysed taking into account the characteristics of implementation areas, characteristics of users, the effectiveness of recruitment methods and opinions about the tool from two points of view: the respondents and the recipients of results